Adolescence is a critical period for the development of executive function, which refers to a broad category of higher-order cognitions, including working memory, mental flexibility, and inhibition. Failures of executive function are associated with risk-taking behavior and a wide range of mental disorders. We examine how the network topology of structural and functional connectomes develop to support executive function maturation, and how its abnormal development associates with executive deficits in mental disorders. We are particularly interested in the transdiagnostic burdens cutting across different mental disorders.